BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY'S RELATIONSIP WITH SDG 7 

Brazil is particularly relevant to SDG 7 because it has one of the world’s cleanest electricity systems and significant renewable-energy resources. In 2024, renewables accounted for around 89% of electricity generation, led by hydropower, wind, solar and bioenergy. Brazil is also a global leader in biofuels, especially ethanol, giving renewable energy an important role beyond the electricity sector (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2025, pp. 62-63). 

At the same time, Brazil remains an important producer and exporter of oil and gas. Its energy strategy therefore combines the expansion of renewable technologies with continued development of fossil-fuel resources, creating an important debate over how economic development and energy security can be reconciled with the objectives of SDG 7 (IEA, 2025, p. 7). 

CURRENT CHALLENGES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 

One major challenge is Brazil’s historical dependence on hydropower, which makes electricity generation vulnerable to droughts and changing rainfall patterns. Meanwhile, the rapid expansion of wind and solar power has begun to outpace the development of grids and flexibility solutions, increasing the need for transmission infrastructure, storage and modernisation of the electricity system (IEA, 2025, pp. 8-9). 

Brazil has recently strengthened its energy-transition policies through its National Energy Transition Policy, the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law and the Fuel of the Future Law. Nevertheless, achieving its objectives will require substantial investment while maintaining affordable energy for households and industry. Brazil must therefore balance its considerable renewable-energy potential with energy affordability, infrastructure development and continued oil and gas production (IEA, 2025, p. 5). 

LIST OF REFERENCES 

International Energy Agency. (2025). Energy Policy Review: Brazil 2025. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/278a4cdf-c8e0-40a3-a738-66604f878498/Brazil2025-EnergyPolicyReview.pdf

International Energy Agency. (n.d.). Brazil. Retrieved September 7, 2026, from https://www.iea.org/countries/brazil